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Looking at the fact that organic waste and biomass residues have dominated Indonesia's waste management issues and the urgency to reduce the use of fossil fuels, especially in Indonesia's transportation sector, the government, business, academic, and NGO institutions (STAKEHOLDERS) have to focus on the ESG that rely on the target of energy transition and net zero emissions by 2060. In consideration of the fact that these two issues have to be simultaneously solved, the government of Indonesia launched three national programs related to the implementation of ESG at the G-20 event in 2022.
First, STAKEHOLDERS, including communities, must solve their waste management problems by segregating inorganic waste and processing organic waste and biomass residues into solid renewable fuel (RDF pellets) in communal areas. Secondly, the government has obligated all power plant generators to co-fire their coal with biomass or RDF pellets. Thirdly, the development of an electric vehicle ecosystem in Indonesia's transportation industry.
As a start-up company, Comestoarra.com is one of the innovators that has been contributing to the government's program to achieve the target of energy transition and net zero emissions. Comestoarra.com is appointed as a technical member of bioenergy development due to the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 88.K/73/DJE/2020 on June 2, 2020. Additionally, comestoarra.com was creating the detailed engineering design for processing organic waste and biomass residues into solid renewable fuels (RDF, SRF, and biomass pellets), published by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2021.
Comestoarra.com has a methodology to process organic waste and biomass residues into solid renewable fuel (RDF, SRF, and biomass pellets) (WTR) from communal areas. With this method, comestoarra.com has successfully supported the national co-firing program. To be noticed, co-firing is mixing solid renewable fuel with coal to reduce the use of coal in coal-fired power plants. In 2023, Comestoarra.com has developed a distributed hybrid renewable energy charging station (DHRES) to support the development of an electric vehicle ecosystem. The basic concept of DHRES is combining gasification, photovoltaic, and battery technologies to charge the electric vehicle's battery with 100 percent renewable energy.
Both WTR and DHRES are decentralized methods to solve both waste management problems and reduce the use of fossil fuels in transportation sectors. It is also in line with the commutative law of algebra, which states that 1 x 1000 equals 1000 x 1. If every stakeholder can simultaneously process 1 ton of organic waste and biomass residues in 1000 locations across Indonesia, it equals processing 1000 tons of organic waste and biomass residues in one location, which is a landfill. On the other hand, if the STAKEHOLDERS could implement 1 charging station with 10 kilowatt (kW) units of DHRES in 1000 locations and every charging station could swap 50 electric vehicle batteries and charge 10 electric vehicles a day, it could massively develop the electric vehicle ecosystem with 100 percent green energy.
In relation to carbon reduction, based on theoretical calculations, every 10 tons per day of managed biomass residue can reduce 16,000 tons of CO2 equivalent per year. If this scenario can be implemented, it can reduce more than 1.6 million tons of CO2 equivalent every year. The calculation is based on reducing the release of methane gas at landfills, transportation using fossil fuels to landfills, and individual transportation using fossil fuels. At the end, the goals of implementing WTR and DHRES are not only for energy transition and net zero emissions, but also to create jobs, empower local people, develop and train human resources as technicians and operators, and follow the sustainable development goals.
The bamboo box is designed for the purpose of aerobic biodrying process. With the size of 1m3 and 1 cm air space around the bamboo box, the oxygen can be naturally added for the purpose of aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period. Based on detail engineering design of TOSS published by ministry of environment and forestry the benefit of using bamboo for the biodrying process is that bamboo can produce enzymes that are compatible with the GET AR124 bioactivator.
The crusher used for TOSS is a combination of a cutting and hammer mill. The shredder is designed for heterogenous material. The crushing process starts at the cutting mill because the blades have a larger face angle compared to the blades used in the hammer mill. Each rotating hammer set consists of 22 individual hammers. Each of these hammers delivers a constant blow on the pre-cut biomass to produce a finer cut to meet national standards of RDF (SNI 8966:2021).
The pelletizer used in TOSS is made as a flat die pellet mill. The pelletizer is designed for the heterogenous material with inconsistance moisture content. This pelletizer is applicable for fuel blending process that aim to homogeny the heterogenous material. The flat die pellet mill has a compact shape making it easier to maintain and transport, cheaper and it’s more convenient to control. The pressure channel is designed with a diameter of 10-12mm or can be adjusted based on customer's requirements.
The idea of distributed hybrid system comes from the intermittency issues of exisiting renewable technologies and the diesel fuel supply chain in rural and remote areas. Additionally, the power plant in rural and remote areas has dominated by diesel engines. With this consideration comestoarra.com has designed the small scale prototype of gasification technology that can be mixed or 100 percent substituted the diesel fuel. Moreover it can be hybridized with photovoltaic, small scale wind turbine, pico/micro hydro, etc.
Based on detailed engineering design TOSS published by ministry of environment and forestry, there are 2 main modules of TOSS shelter. The first module is designed for communal waste to energy activitiy, while the second module is used for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) purposes. The TOSS shelter is relevant with the government regulation in which the waste must be solved at source. The end product of processed waste can be the additional benefit because the community can contribute to co-firing program.
Bioactivator is the main component for processing organic waste and/or biomass residues with a biodrying method. This bioactivator can reduce the moisture content of the wet material, remove the bad oddor, and to heterogeny the heterogenous material. Bioactivator can be used for household, community, and industrial purposes. Comestoarra.com has "secret recipe" to produce the bioactivator and open to cooperate with all stakeholders that wiliing to contribute in solving waste management problem, energy transition, and net zero emission.
In order to support energy transition and net zero emission, comestoarra.com has initiated to create smart-eco home by installing the small scale hybrid system technologies, such as mini gasification and home photovoltaic / small scale wind turbine / pico or micro hydro. All energy produced can be storaging in battery and can be furthermore calculated as green energy contribution from household/community. Currently, comestoarra can implement 5-10 kW of smart-eco home by firstly designing layout and technical system, moroever installation the hybrid system technology.
Looking at the fact that the waste compositions are dominated by organic and biomass residues, moreover the existing power plants are dominated by the coal fired power plants and diesel engines, comestoarra.com has come up with the idea to process those kinds of waste into solid renewable fuel. To be underlined, the dumped organic and biomass residues material in landfill will produce methane gas (CH4), which 28 times more dangerous compared to the carbondioxide (CO2). In relation with energy transition, solid renewable fuel can be substitution fuel for fossil fuel while the processed organic and biomass residues material can reduce green house gases.
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Comestoarra.com is not only innitiating moreover setting up the community based waste to energy and renewable energy program in the scope of communities, districts, provinces, and nations, but investigating and doing waste to energy, renewable energy, cofiring, and dieselization experiments. It is supported by the experienced team and the experts to analyze the technical and non-technical aspects related to supply-value chain activities for the purpose of continuity and sustainability long term program.
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Comestoarra.com has competency in developing and empowering communities to be involved in the community based waste to energy and renewable energy programs. Local community is the key stakeholder of comestoarra.com to create the ecosystem and circular economy to align with the sustainable development goals. In relation to co-firing and de-dieselization program, local community has become the key partner to survey, implement the pilot project, create prototype, data collection, and testing the product of waste to energy in several existing power plants in Indonesia.
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Comestoarra.com has developed the AI and IoT technology as the tool to help all stakeholders within the ecosystem of community based waste to energy and renewable energy program to get benefit from the data that has been collected. The most valuable data gained from comestoarra.com’s project portfolios on how to create a high-quality biomass pellet by using waste or different local substances. With AI and IoT technologies, stakeholders can get the abundant data and testing result the material for from co-firing and de-dieselization purposes activities. For the long term activities, the government can monitor all activities from processing to utilizing the organic and biomass residues material for energy, the corporate who has CSR program can get the detail information for their funding decision making process and delivery on the ground, and public will get the information about direct involvement to become agents as well as real time activity and detail information about carbon reduction scores.
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We are currently supported by
Collaboration in developing and replicating community based waste to RDF and distributed hybrid renewable energy charging station.
Research and development collaboration for continuous improvement of community based waste to energy technology.
A small medium enterprise, which manufacture the crusher, pallets/briquettes designed by comestoarra.
Creating Detail Engineering Design of Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya (TOSS) or decentralized RDF/SRF production.
TOSS has become the national program aim to support the government to achieve the target of 23 percent of renewable energy.
In collaboration with ASEIC, Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM has supported comestoarra.com to collaborate with Korean companies.
In collaboration with ASEIC, Ministry of SMEs and Startups has supported comestoarra.com to collaborate with Korean companies.
An international organization that supports comestoarra.com to promote distributed hybrid renewable energy charging station to global market
Signed agreement with comestoarra.com in implementing and replicating distributed hybrid renewable energy charging station.
TOSS has become the collaboration program between the government of Ende, Comestoarra.com, and PT. PLN (Persero) UPK Flores.
Comestoarra.com has been supported by the New Zealand Aid Programme to substitute the kerosene in Ende District by producing gasification stove.
Comestoarra.com has cooperated with "Lapas Ende" for community development and empower prisoners by producing the gasification stove.
Collaboration Agreement in Research, Education, and Community Building both in technical and non technical aspects.
In 2020, PT PLN (Persero) has officially set up the regulation as the offtaker of waste to energy product (pallets/briquettes).
TOSS has become the Corporate shared value program of PT PLN (Persero).
Partnership in creating hire-comestoarra academy.
The collaboration is including the research program which important for the development of TOSS in Indonesia.
Murdoch University has intensively communicated with Comestoarra in order to cooperate in waste to energy research and development program.
The community based waste to energy for distributed power generation concept therefore can be the diplomacy strategy for both countries.
a small medium enterprise that helps comestoarra to manage the TOSS projects in Java regions to do implementation of TOSS.
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